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Allen, R., Athanassopoulos, A., Dyson, R. G., & Thanassoulis, E. (1997). Weights restrictions and value judgements in Data Envelopment Analysis: Evolution, development and future directions. Annals of Operations Research, 73, 13–34.
Abstract: This paper provides a review of the evolution, development and future research directions on the use of weights restrictions and value judgements in Data Envelopment Analysis. The paper argues that the incorporation of value judgements in DEA was motivated by applications of the method in real life organisations. The application driven development of the methods has led to a number of different approaches in the literature which have inevitably different uses and interpretations. The paper concentrates on the implications of weights restrictions on the efficiency, targets and peer comparators of inefficient Decision Making Units. The paper concludes with future research directions in the area of value judgements and weights restrictions.
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Amado, C. A. F., & Dyson, R. G. (2008). On comparing the performance of primary care providers. European Journal of Operational Research, 185(3), 915–932.
Abstract: In the past few years primary health care has been characterised as central to the development of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, performance assessment is seen as a way of achieving care of high standards. Performance indicators and targets are being developed to assess primary care providers, and to develop financial incentives. However, the number of studies that have compared the performance of primary care providers is limited and the existing approaches to evaluation are open to improvement. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the studies that have focused on the evaluation of primary health care providers, with particular reference to the use of the non-parametric technique Data Envelopment Analysis. We conclude that most studies focus on structure and outputs, without consideration of outcomes – the ultimate measure of performance – and tend to be of a summative rather than formative nature.
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Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R. G., & Thanassoulis, E. (1991). Applied data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 52(1), 1–15.
Abstract: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming-based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. DEA can be used in a number of ways to elaborate on the performance of individual units and to ascertain how the units can become more efficient. Some of the uses of which DEA can be put are the following: 1. using peer groups, 2. identifying efficient operating practices, 3. target setting, 4. identifying efficient strategies, 5. monitoring efficiency changes over time, and 6. resource allocation. The DEA models originally developed for comparative efficiency assessments have subsequently been modified to enable efficiency assessments to be carried out in certain special situations. DEA can be used to carry out comparative efficiency assessments in cases where returns to scale are not constant and in cases where certain inputs and/or outputs can only be measured on an ordinal scale.
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Camanho, A. S., & Dyson, R. G. (2008). A generalisation of the Farrell cost efficiency measure applicable to non-fully competitive settings. Omega, 36(1), 147–162.
Abstract: This paper enhances cost efficiency measurement methods to account for situations where the input prices can depend on negotiation or tend to qualitatively differentiate the resources available at each decision making unit. In these circumstances, there are some shortcomings in the cost efficiency measure described in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) literature. This paper proposes new models and measures for cost efficiency evaluation that overcome the limitations of the existing DEA models. The applicability of the measures developed is illustrated in the context of the analysis of bank branch performance.
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Camanho, A. S., & Dyson, R. G. (2006). Data envelopment analysis and Malmquist indices for measuring group performance. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 26(1), 35–49.
Abstract: This paper develops measures, based on the Malmquist index, that enable the decision making units’ internal inefficiencies to be distinguished from those associated with their group (or program) characteristics. The applicability of these measures is illustrated with the assessment of bank branches’ performance. The analysis involves the construction of an index reflecting the relative performance of branches in four different regions, which can be decomposed into an index for the comparison of within-group efficiency spread, evaluating internal managerial efficiencies, and an index for the comparison of frontier productivity, reflecting the impact of environmental factors and regional managerial policies on branches’ productivity.
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Camanho, A. S., & Dyson, R. G. (2005). Cost efficiency measurement with price uncertainty: a DEA application to bank branch assessments. European Journal of Operational Research, 161(2), 432–446.
Abstract: This paper enhances cost efficiency measurement methods to account for different scenarios relating to input price information. These consist of situations where prices are known exactly at each decision making unit (DMU) and situations with incomplete price information. The main contribution of this paper consists of the development of a method for the estimation of upper and lower bounds for the cost efficiency (CE) measure in situations of price uncertainty, where only the maximal and minimal bounds of input prices can be estimated for each DMU. The bounds of the CE measure are obtained from assessments in the light of the most favourable price scenario (optimistic perspective) and the least favourable price scenario (pessimistic perspective). The assessments under price uncertainty are based on extensions to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model that incorporate weight restrictions of the form of input cone assurance regions. The applicability of the models developed is illustrated in the context of the analysis of bank branch performance. The results obtained in the case study showed that the DEA models can provide robust estimates of cost efficiency even in situations of price uncertainty.
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Camanho, A. S., & Dyson, R. G. (2005). Cost efficiency, production and value-added models in the analysis of bank branch performance. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56(5), 483–494.
Abstract: This paper develops a framework for performance appraisal in the context of a bank branch network. A data envelopment analysis model is advocated that can identify both input and output inefficiencies from a cost minimization perspective. The model is then applied to the analysis of a bank branch network and the production and value-added approaches are deployed jointly to give a comprehensive assessment of bank branch efficiency. The sources of underperformance are identified and their managerial implications are explored.
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Camanho, A. S., & Dyson, R. G. (1999). Efficiency, size, benchmarks and targets for bank branches: An application of data envelopment analysis. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50(9), 903–915.
Abstract: This paper describes an application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to the performance assessment of Portuguese bank branches. The analysis shows how DEA can complement the profitability measure currently used at the bank. The use of an efficiency-profitability matrix enabled the characterisation of the branches’ performance profile. Consistent with the bank’s development objectives, the analysis focused on the relation between branch size and performance. Two alternative target setting strategies were explored. One eliminates pure technical inefficiencies by focusing on the selection of appropriate benchmarks. The other attains the branches’ most productive scale size through the elimination of scale inefficiencies, with minimal changes to branches’ scale size.
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Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S., & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and Protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132(2), 245–259.
Abstract: The practical application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) presents a range of procedural issues to be examined and resolved including those relating to the homogeneity of the units under assessment, the input/output set selected, the measurement of those selected variables and the weights attributed to them. Each of these issues can present difficulties in practice. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the pitfalls that have been identified in application papers under each of these headings and to suggest protocols to avoid the pitfalls and guide the application of the methodology.
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Dyson, R. G., Foster, M. J., & Thanassoulis, E. (1985). Data envelopment analysis – a real-world application. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 36(12), 1145.
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